COMPLICATION AND DISORDERS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM

COMPLICATION AND DISORDERS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Complication and disorders of excretory system is inability of excretory system to carry out their normal function such as excreting wastes. Some of complication and disorders of excretory system are Kidney stones and Kidney failure.

KIDNEY STONES

Kidney stones are deposit of calcium salt and other salt in the urinary system. Kidney stones can damage urinary system resulting to severe pain as well as blood in urine when urinating.

CAUSES

ü  Kidney stones are caused due to crystallization of salt around the blood or dead tissue.

ü  Stones commonly have been found in those that drink less than the recommended eight to ten glasses of water a day.

    SYMPTOMS OF KIDNEY STONES

ü  Blood in urine - This may be caused by the stone scratching the kidney or ureter

ü  Pain during the urination

ü  Men may have pain in the testicles and scrotum.

ü  Periods of intense pain in the back or side of your abdomen which may last for minutes or hours

ü  Feeling restless and unable to lie still

ü  Nausea

ü  Needing to urinate more often than normal

        HOW TO PREVENT KIDNEY STONES

ü  Drink plenty of water to dilutes the substances in urine that lead to stones.

ü  Make sure to take in amount of calcium appropriate to your age.

ü  Reduce stone forming foods: such as chocolate, spinach, tea, and most nuts

ü  Reduce sodium: Low sodium diet is recommended for the stone prone.

ü  Limit animal protein: Eating too much animal protein, such as red meat, eggs, and seafood, boosts the level of uric acid and could lead to kidney stones.

          TREATMENT FOR KIDNEY STONES

ü  Surgical treatments which may involve kidney transplant

KIDNEY FAILURE

Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys partly or completely lose their ability to carry out normal function such as filter water and waste from the blood. Kidney fail can be categorized into acute kidney failure and chronic kidney failure.

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE

Acute kidney failure occurs when kidneys suddenly become unable to filter waste products from your blood. Acute kidney failure also is called acute renal failure or acute kidney injury. 

CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE

Chronic kidney failure occurs when a disease slowly destroys the kidneys. Destruction occurs over many years, usually with no symptoms until the late stage of kidney failure.

    WHAT CAUSES KIDNEY FAILURE?

ü  Loss of blood flow to the kidneys this can be caused by heart attacks, heart disease, dehydration, blood pressure etc.

ü  Drugs and alcohol

ü   Blood clots in or around the kidneys

ü   Infections

ü  Physical injured or trauma

ü  Drug toxicity

ü  Kidney stone

       SYMPTOMS

ü  Making more or less urine than normal.

ü  Blood in the urine (typically only seen through a microscope)

ü  Urine that is bubble (may be seen when protein is in the urine)

ü  Fatigue

ü  Shortness of breath

ü  Weakness

ü  Mental confusion

ü  Nausea and vomiting

          HOW TO PREVENT KIDNEY FAILURE

ü  Take Balanced diet to avoid heart diseases e.g. Blood pressure.

ü  Drink alcohol only in moderate

ü  Drink lots of water every day

ü  Reduce the intake of salt: Salt increases the amount of sodium in diet which may lead to kidney stone.

ü  Manage diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease

ü  Drink healthy beverages: Including fresh juices is another way of drinking more fluids and keeping your kidneys healthy

           TREATMENT FOR KIDNEY FAILURE

ü  Kidney failure is treated by Kidney transplant.

ü  A kidney transplant involves surgically placing a healthy kidney from a donor into the patient.