MAJOR EXCRETORY PRODUCTS
The major excretory products eliminated by organisms are carbon dioxide, excess water, and nitrogenous.
1. Carbon dioxide gas and excess water
• These wastes are produced during the cellular respiration.
• In this process, glucose is broken down to release energy, carbon dioxide gas and excess water.
2. Nitrogenous waste
• Nitrogenous wastes are waste formed from the breakdown of proteins and amino acids.
• Excess protein and amino acid are broken down in the liver to form ammonia.
• The process where amino acid is broken down to form ammonia in the liver is called Deamination.
Types of Nitrogenous waste
The main nitrogenous wastes excreted by living things are ammonia, urea and uric acid.
a. Ammonia waste
This waste is the results of broken down proteins and amino acid in the liver.
Ammonia wastes are highly poisonous nitrogenous waste product.
Ammonia is excreted mostly by aquatic organisms e.g. fish.
Ammonia dissolves in water and is eliminated from the body in soluble form.
Those animals which excrete their nitrogenous waste in form of ammonia are known as Ammonotelic
b. Urea
Urea is formed when ammonia combine with carbon dioxide in the liver.
Urea is less toxic and is soluble in water.
Urea is excreted by many aquatic and terrestrial animals include human being.
Those animal that excrete their nitrogenous waste mainly inform of urea know as Ureotelic and phenomena know as Ureotelism
c. Uric acid
Uric acid is insoluble nitrogenous waste excreted main by birds, reptiles, and insects.
Elimination of uric acid requires lesser amount of water comparatively less soluble in water and less toxic as compared to ammonia.
Animals which excrete their nitrogenous waste in form of uric acid know as Urecotelic and phenomena know as Urecotelism
Other metabolic waste
The other waste products eliminate by living things are
Hormone; this waste is result of excess production of hormone especially to female during the pregnancy
Cholesterol; This waste is result from excess intake of fat especially by mammals.
Bilirubin; This waste is from breaking down of haemoglobin compound in mammals.
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